Basic income, two permanent strategies between the minimum and maximum

Abstract

In Utopia (1516), Thomas More foresaw the initial conditions necessary to have fairer and less excluding societies, but he was not the only one. Property, justice and communal government were preserved during the Middle Ages and maintained between the 15th and 18th centuries (Marquardt, 2018, pp. 174-186). From that moment, there has been a desire to reissue the model through universal income or basic income, seeking to solve the economy's problems that the "Caeteris paribus" or the "invisible hand” did not explain. However, modern societies, in the face of a deep crisis in terms of hyperaccumulation of wealth and power, the increasing poverty, hunger, inequality, an unprecedented ecological crisis, and an ongoing pandemic, require profound and urgent changes.